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Modern technologies in Hikvision products
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Hikvision company, a leader in CCTV solutions, provides customers with devices with varying degrees of sophistication. Both in the case of cameras and DVRs/NVRs there are budget products "for everyone", which satisfy the needs of most users, and "high-end" professional devices designed for professional applications with special requirements. The company still places great emphasis on the development of their devices, constantly adds new models, new features, cameras with higher resolutions. Among the range of products available, there are cameras capable of identification of license plates, cameras with very high sensitivity allowing night observations in color in extremely low light conditions, cameras with hardware WDR (wide dynamic range) of 140 dB, dedicated for operation in areas with large differences in light intensity. An example of application of Hikvision products is shown in the video below.
An example architecture of IP CCTV system based on Hikvision products
Due to the emergence of CCTV cameras with higher and higher resolutions, the generated data streams continually grow and occupy more and more space on hard drives. For example, a 1 TB hard drive can store continuous recordings from 22 days, captured by a 2-megapixel camera with recommended bitrate of 4096 kbps (CBR) and 25 fps refresh rate. In the case of a 5-megapixel camera and the recommended bitrate of 9216 kbps (CBR), the same refresh rate of 25 fps and continuous recording, the storage capacity is reduced to approx. 9 days. Taking into account the fact that the H.264 codec was not created and optimized for video monitoring and the problems connected with the increase of the demand for bandwidth and storage capacity in the case of modern cameras, Hikvision has developed a new way of video encoding, H.264+ . The algorithm is based on H.264 compression, but optimized for video surveillance. The results are very good, ensuring reduction of the data streams by 50-70%, while maintaining the same image quality compared with the H.264 codec. The more static scene, the higher compression ratio can be achieved. In the worst case of dynamic scenes, the outcome is identical with H.264. The savings can be easily noticed e.g. when monitoring a store at night, when, normally, there is no motion in the scene. So, in most cases the compression method can actually save money because it reduces by half the costs of purchasing hard drives. In addition to the savings on hard drives, it allows for buying a cheaper DVR/NVR supporting only two hard drives, instead of a more expensive model with interfaces for 4 disks. The new compression method is supported by all Hikvision IP NVRs from the DS-7600NI-E and DS-7700NI-E series and the cameras from line 2 of the R6 platform. Currently, these are Hikvision IP cameras marked DS-2CD2x22WD (line 2, 2 MP) and DS-2CD2x42WD (line 2, 4 MP). Soon, there will be available other models with this functionality. H.264+ is also supported by cameras and NVRs from professional series. The general advantage of the H.264+ compression method in comparison to H.265 is the fact that the algorithms are contained in new firmware, without a need for changing the reliable hardware solutions developed by Hikvision.

Comparison of H.264 with H.264+
Hikvision IP cameras of Darkfighter series are advanced devices designed to work in very difficult lighting conditions. The series is able to capture sharp, colorful images in extremely low light conditions. Compared to conventional IP cameras, the result is crystal clear image. The extremely high sensitivity, hardware wide dynamic range (WDR) with the depth of 120 dB and additional image-enhancement functions such as BLC, 3D-DNR, provide means for creating highly effective 24-hour IP video surveillance systems. The cameras of this series can be used in color mode in ultra-low-light conditions without a need for additional IR illuminators. This is possible thanks to 1/1.8" Progressive Scan CMOS sensors with very high sensitivity (0.001 lx in color mode). A multitude of analytical functions characteristic of Hikvision cameras of professional series, such as crossing a virtual line, intrusion detection, face detection, audio detection, detection of leaving / removing an object, etc., make the cameras perfect tools for implementing advanced projects. The Darkfighter cameras are available in ceiling, compact, and box type versions, as well as PTZ devices.

Comparison of images from a Darkfighter and a standard IP camera
A video from a Darkfighter PTZ camera
Hikvision IP cameras of Lightfighter series are able to capture crystal-clear images in environments with high contrast in light between dark and bright areas. Ultra-high WDR technology with depth of 140 dB overcomes problems with good visibility of details in very dark and very bright parts of the image. The cameras are ideal for use e.g. in rooms where the observed areas include windows and doors that allow a large amount of sunlight. With the ultra-high WDR, they provide details both in the bright areas (door, window) and in the rest of the room. Compared to conventional IP cameras, the result is clear image with wealth of information. Along with high sensitivity and additional image-enhancement functions such as BLC, 3D-DNR, the Lightfighter cameras can fulfill requirements of most demanding users. A multitude of analytical functions characteristic of Hikvision cameras of professional series, such as crossing a virtual line, intrusion detection, face detection, audio detection, detection of leaving / removing an object, etc., make the cameras perfect tools for implementing advanced projects. The Lightfighter cameras are also available in ceiling, compact, and box type versions.
Comparison of images from a Lighfighter and a standard IP camera
Hikvision also offers fisheye IP cameras allowing 360°/180° monitoring (with ceiling/wall mounting, respectively). Thanks to a very high video resolution and ability to cover a large area, the cameras are ideal for video surveillance in departure lounges, shopping malls, superstores, supermarkets, offices, hotel venues, restaurants, etc. Depending on the product line, the camera image can be processed using dedicated software, or just the hardware of the camera. Professional fisheye cameras generate several video streams that can be added to an NVR as separate channels. Fisheye camera from professional series generate several video streams that can be added to the recorder as separate channels. In the case of budget devices, e.g. DS-2CD2942F-IS K1790, the NVR receives the original fisheye image that can be further processed (geometric correction) with the use of iVMS 4200 software. Depending on the model, there are multiple displaying modes, e.g. fisheye, panorama, panorama + 8 PTZ etc., and alarm options such as motion detection, line crossing detection, intrusion detection etc. The analytic functions can be applied for a required part of the image (zone) and used for triggering the alarm output of the cameras. Some examples of the use of the cameras are shown in the videos below.
Presentation of a budget fisheye camera
Presentation of a fisheye camera from the professional series
Hikvision Lightfighter cameras with markings containing 25FWD (for example DS-2CD4025FWD-AP, DS-2CD4A25FWD-IZ, DS-2CD4625FWD-AP) are capable of LPR (License Plate Recognition). The functionality can be activated by a dedicated Hikvision software. The number of additional automatic functions becomes much longer after connecting such camera to a Hikvision NVR supporting the LPR function, which stores lists of vehicles and records all events. Such NVRs, characterized by fast data processing, come from the NETRA platform (markings ended with NI-ST) and from new I series (markings ended with NI-I). In the case of less dynamic environments, a sufficient choice can be an NVR from the budget (economic) series (NI-E).
As mentioned, the cameras, supported by appropriate software, can be used in simple LPR systems without a need of an NVR. Both in the case of autonomous operation and cooperation with an NVR, it is necessary to import the "white" and "black" lists of allowed and prohibited license plates/vehicles. Depending on which list there is the license plate of the approaching car, the assigned alarm events will control the state of alarm outputs available in the system. For example, if the car is on the "white" list, the signal from the alarm output will open the entrance gate, whereas if the license of the car is contained in the "black" list, the system will alert the security guard. Another reaction can be assigned when the car is not in any list. In each case the system records the video with the license numbers. The operator can easily search the NVR resources for specific license plates by entering full, initial or fragmentary character/number set. Another searching option is based on the required time interval. An example of such a system is presented below.
Typical functions of LPR systems:
  • Automatic control of access for vehicles to a given zone, parking area etc. (boom barriers, gates etc.)
  • Creation of lists of unwanted vehicles
  • Quick search for recordings with license plates containing a specified character/number string
  • Control of the parking time of a vehicle (after integration with external software)
Hikvision LPR system in action